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– Post Office – Chester Campus | State Abbreviations

Pennsylvania had the 15th-highest state and local tax burden in the nation as of , according to the Tax Foundation. Many state politicians have tried to increase the share of taxes paid by out-of-state sources. Suggested revenue sources include taxing natural gas drilling as Pennsylvania is the only state without such a tax on gas drilling.

An individual’s taxable income is based on the following eight types of income: compensation salary ; interest; dividends; net profits from the operation of a business, profession or farm; net gains or income from the dispositions of property; net gains or income from rents, royalties, patents and copyrights; income derived through estates or trusts; and gambling and lottery winnings other than Pennsylvania Lottery winnings.

Counties, municipalities, and school districts levy taxes on real estate. In addition, some local bodies assess a wage tax on personal income. Thirty-two of the Commonwealth’s sixty-seven counties levy a personal property tax on stocks, bonds, and similar holdings.

With the exception of the city of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, municipalities and school districts are allowed to enact a local earned income tax within the purview of Act Residents of these municipalities and school districts are required to file a local income tax return in addition to federal and state returns.

This local return is filed with the local income tax collector, a private collection agency appointed by a particular county to collect the local earned income and local services tax the latter a flat fee deducted from salaried employees working within a particular municipality or school district.

The City of Philadelphia has its own local income taxation system. Philadelphia-based employers are required to withhold the Philadelphia wage tax from the salaries of their employees. Residents of Philadelphia working for an employer are not required to file a local return as long as their Philadelphia wage tax is fully withheld by their employer.

If their employer does not withhold the Philadelphia wage tax, residents are required to register with the Revenue Department and file an Earnings Tax return. Residents with unearned income except for interest from checking and savings accounts are required to file and pay the School Income-tax SIT.

The complexity of Pennsylvania’s local tax filing system has been criticized by experts, who note that the outsourcing of collections to private entities is akin to tax farming and that many new residents are caught off guard and end up facing “failure to file” penalties even if they did not owe any tax.

Attempts to transfer local income tax collections to the state level i. The Pennsylvania State Police is the chief law enforcement agency in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Since the latter half of the 20th century, Pennsylvania has been perceived as a powerful swing state , and winning Pennsylvania has since been deemed as essential to U. Only twice between to and with Herbert Hoover and Hubert Humphrey , respectively has a winning presidential candidate failed to carry Pennsylvania.

Between and , Pennsylvania trended Democratic in presidential elections; Bill Clinton won the state twice by large margins and Al Gore won it by a slightly closer margin in In the presidential election, John F. Kerry beat President George W.

The state holds 20 electoral votes. In recent national elections since , Pennsylvania had leaned Democrat. The state voted for the Democratic ticket for president in every election between and During the election campaign, a recruitment drive saw registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans by 1.

However, Pennsylvania has a history of electing Republican U. From to , the state was represented by two Democratic senators for the first time since after Republican Senator Arlen Specter switched party affiliation. In , Republicans recaptured a U. Senate seat and a majority of the state’s congressional seats, control of both chambers of the state legislature, and the governorship.

Democrats won back the governorship, however, four years later in the election. It was the first time since a governor became eligible for reelection that an incumbent governor had been defeated in a reelection bid. Republican strength was concentrated in the Philadelphia suburbs and the more rural areas in the state’s central, northeastern, and western portions, some of which have long been considered among the nation’s most conservative areas.

Since , however, the Philadelphia suburbs have swung Democratic; the brand of Republicanism there was traditionally a moderate one.

In the 21st century, however, Pittsburgh suburbs, which historically had been Democrat strongholds, have swung more Republican. Democratic political consultant James Carville once pejoratively described Pennsylvania as “Philadelphia in the east, Pittsburgh in the west, and Alabama in the middle”, suggesting that political power in the state was based in its two largest cities, which have been reliably Democrat, offset by the state’s large rural power base, which has proven equally reliably Republican.

Political analysts and editorials refer to central Pennsylvania as the “T” in statewide elections. The state’s three valleys Delaware , Lehigh , and Wyoming Valleys and Greater Pittsburgh generally vote Democrat, while the majority of the counties in the central part of the state vote Republican.

As a result, maps showing the results of statewide elections invariably form a shape that resembles a “T”. Pennsylvania’s two U. Senators are Democrat Bob Casey Jr. Casey would seek reelection in should he seek another term. Toomey, meanwhile, chose not to run for reelection in , and Republican Mehmet Oz and Democrat John Fetterman are seeking to replace Toomey in the general election for the seat. Pennsylvania has 18 seats in the U. House of Representatives as of Pennsylvania has public school districts, thousands of private schools, publicly funded colleges and universities, and over private institutions of higher education.

Under state law, school attendance in Pennsylvania is mandatory for a child from the age of 8 until the age of 17, or until graduation from an accredited high school whichever is earlier unless students are homeschooled. The following are the four-year graduation rates for students completing high school in []. Additionally, In , Pennsylvania ranked 14th in mathematics, 12th in reading, and 10th in writing for 8th grade students. This law specifies the requirements and responsibilities of the parents and the school district where the family lives.

West Chester University has by far the largest student body of the 14 universities. The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is an organizing body of the four state-related schools in Pennsylvania; these schools Pennsylvania State University , Lincoln University , the University of Pittsburgh , and Temple University are independent institutions that receive some state funding.

There are also 15 publicly funded two-year community colleges and technical schools that are separate from the PASSHE system. Additionally, there are many private two- and four-year technical schools , colleges, and universities. Carnegie Mellon University , The Pennsylvania State University , the University of Pennsylvania , and the University of Pittsburgh are members of the Association of American Universities , an invitation-only organization of leading research universities.

Lehigh University is a private research university located in Bethlehem. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the first university in the United States and established the country’s first medical school.

The University of Pennsylvania is also the Commonwealth’s only, and geographically most southern, Ivy League school. The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine LECOM is a private graduate school of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy with a main campus in Erie, and a branch campus located in Greensburg with two other campuses outside of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania is home to the nation’s first zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo. One unique museum is the Houdini Museum in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary magician. All state parks in Pennsylvania feature free admission. Pennsylvania also is home to the largest indoor waterpark resort on the East Coast, Splash Lagoon in Erie. The state’s notable music festivals include Musikfest , the nation’s largest free music festival held annually each August in Bethlehem , [] the Philadelphia Folk Festival , Creation Festival , and Purple Door.

The Great Allentown Fair , held annually at the Allentown Fairgrounds since the 19th century, is one of the nation’s longest-running annual fairs. There are nearly one million licensed hunters in Pennsylvania.

Whitetail deer, black bear, cottontail rabbits, squirrel, turkey, and grouse are common game species. Pennsylvania is considered one of the finest wild turkey hunting states in the Union, alongside Texas and Alabama.

Sport hunting in Pennsylvania provides a massive boost for the Commonwealth’s economy. The Boone and Crockett Club reports that five of the ten largest skull size black bear entries came from the state.

PennDOT owns 39, miles 64, km of the , miles , km of roadway in the state, making it the fifth-largest state highway system in the United States. Another major east—west route is Interstate 80 , which runs primarily in the northern tier of the state from Ohio to New Jersey at the Delaware Water Gap.

Interstate 90 travels the relatively short distance between Ohio and New York through Erie County , in the extreme northwestern part of the state. Primary north—south highways are Interstate 79 from its terminus in Erie through Pittsburgh to West Virginia, Interstate 81 from New York through Scranton, Lackawanna County and Harrisburg to Maryland and Interstate , which begins 7 miles 11 km north of the Delaware border, in Chester, Delaware County and travels miles km to Clarks Summit , where it joins I The highway south of the Pennsylvania Turnpike is officially called the “Veterans Memorial Highway”, but is commonly referred to colloquially as the “Blue Route”.

The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority SEPTA is the sixth-largest transit agency in the United States and operates the commuter , heavy and light rail transit, and transit bus service in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The Port Authority of Allegheny County is the 25th-largest transit agency and provides transit bus and light rail service in and around Pittsburgh. Intercity passenger rail transit is provided by Amtrak , with the majority of traffic occurring on the Keystone Service in the high-speed Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg and Philadelphia’s 30th Street Station before heading north to New York City, as well as the Northeast Regional providing frequent high-speed service up and down the Northeast Corridor.

A total of public-use airports are located in the state. The port of Pittsburgh is the second-largest inland port in the United States and the 18th-largest port overall; the Port of Philadelphia is the 24th-largest port in the United States.

Among them, these teams have accumulated seven World Series championships with the Pirates winning five and Phillies winning two , 16 National League pennants with the Pirates winning nine and Phillies winning seven , three pre- Super Bowl era NFL championships all won by the Eagles , seven Super Bowl championships with the Steelers winning six and the Eagles one , two NBA championships both won by the 76ers , and seven Stanley Cup championships with the Penguins winning five and Flyers winning two.

With five professional sports teams and some of the most passionate sports fans in the nation, Philadelphia is often described as the nation’s best sports city. Open Cup annually. Arnold Palmer , one of the 20th century’s most accomplished professional golfers, comes from Latrobe , and Jim Furyk , a current PGA member grew up near in Lancaster. The state is also home to Maple Grove Raceway , near Reading , which hosts major National Hot Rod Association -sanctioned drag racing events each year.

Over their respective college football histories, Penn State claims two national championships and and seven undefeated seasons , , , , , , and and Pitt has won nine national championships , , , , , , , , and and had eight undefeated seasons , , , , , , , and Pitt plays its home games at Acrisure Stadium , a 68,capacity stadium it shares with the Pittsburgh Steelers ; the team is coached by Pat Narduzzi. National titles in college basketball have been won by La Salle , Temple , Penn and , Pitt and , and Villanova , , and Pennsylvania has several universities and colleges known as national leaders in college wrestling.

Author Sharon Hernes Silverman calls Pennsylvania the snack food capital of the world. Two of the three companies that define the U. The U. Auntie Anne’s Pretzels began as a market-stand in Downingtown, Pennsylvania, and now has corporate headquarters in Lancaster City. Martin’s Famous Pastry Shoppe, Inc. Among the regional foods associated with Philadelphia are cheesesteaks , hoagies , soft pretzels , Italian water ice , Irish potato candy , scrapple , Tastykake , and strombolis.

In Pittsburgh, tomato ketchup was improved by Henry John Heinz from to the early 20th century. Famous to a lesser extent than Heinz ketchup is the Pittsburgh’s Primanti Brothers Restaurant sandwiches, pierogies , and city chicken.

Outside of Scranton , in Old Forge there are dozens of Italian restaurants specializing in pizza made unique by thick, light crust and American cheese. Erie also has its share of unique foods, including Greek sauce and sponge candy. Sauerkraut along with pork and mashed potatoes is a common meal on New Year’s Day in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania has been known as the Keystone State since , [] based in part upon its central location among the original Thirteen Colonies forming the United States, and also in part because of the number of important American documents signed in the state such as the Declaration of Independence. It was also a keystone state economically, having both the industry common to the North making such wares as Conestoga wagons and rifles [] [] and the agriculture common to the South producing feed, fiber, food, and tobacco.

Another one of Pennsylvania’s nicknames is the Quaker State ; in colonial times, it was known officially as the Quaker Province , [] in recognition of Quaker [] William Penn ‘s First Frame of Government [] constitution for Pennsylvania that guaranteed liberty of conscience. He knew of the hostility [] Quakers faced when they opposed religious ritual, taking oaths, violence, war and military service, and what they viewed as ostentatious frippery. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 7 October This article is about the U. For other uses, see Pennsylvania disambiguation. For other uses, see Penn disambiguation. State in the United States. Keystone State; [1] Quaker State. Mount Davis [2] [3]. Delaware River at Delaware border [2].

Flag of Pennsylvania. Main article: History of Pennsylvania. See also: List of Pennsylvania firsts and List of people from Pennsylvania. See also: Pennsylvania in the American Revolution. See also: Pennsylvania in the American Civil War.

Further information: United Airlines Flight Main article: Geography of Pennsylvania. Further information: List of counties in Pennsylvania. Main article: Climate of Pennsylvania. See also: List of counties in Pennsylvania , List of cities in Pennsylvania , List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania , List of townships in Pennsylvania , List of county seats in Pennsylvania by population , List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania , and List of populated places in Pennsylvania.

See also: List of municipalities in Pennsylvania. Largest municipalities in Pennsylvania Source: [94]. Further information: List of people from Pennsylvania. Main article: Pennsylvania Dutch language. Religion in Pennsylvania [] religion percent Protestant. See also: List of Pennsylvania counties by per capita income. Pennsylvania unemployment rate, — US unemployment rate. Main article: Agriculture in Pennsylvania. Main article: Gambling in Pennsylvania. See also: List of casinos in Pennsylvania.

See also: Harrisburg in film and television , List of films and television shows shot in Pennsylvania , List of films shot in the Lehigh Valley , and List of films shot in Pittsburgh. John Fetterman D 34th Lt. Governor Since January 15, Main article: Government of Pennsylvania. See also: Commonwealth U. Main article: List of Governors of Pennsylvania.

See also: List of Pennsylvania state agencies. Main article: Pennsylvania General Assembly. Main article: Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania.

Main article: Politics of Pennsylvania. Main article: Pennsylvania’s congressional districts. Main article: Education in Pennsylvania. See also: List of colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. See also: List of Pennsylvania railroads and List of public transit authorities in Pennsylvania. See also: List of airports in Pennsylvania. Main article: Sports in Pennsylvania. Further information: Category:Cuisine of Pennsylvania. Main article: List of people from Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania portal United States portal. Archived from the original on October 14, Retrieved May 4, United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on October 15, Retrieved October 24, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Archived from the original on December 20, Retrieved December 9, The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 27, MLA Data Center. Archived from the original on May 27, Retrieved November 4, Archived from the original on March 7, Retrieved February 22, Archived PDF from the original on December 25, Retrieved December 31, New York: Knopf.

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Consolidated Treaty Series; Volumes. Albany, New York. Archived from the original on April 7, Record of the Court at Upland, in Pennsylvania, to Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Volume 7. This charter, granted by Charles II England to William Penn, constituted him and his heirs proprietors of the province, which, in honor of his father, Admiral William Penn , whose cash advances and services were thus requited, was called Pennsylvania.

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July 21, Archived from the original on September 3, Retrieved January 30, S2CID Retrieved January 14, Archived from the original on September 14, Pennsylvania Senate. Archived from the original on January 24, During the revolutionary war he was commissary-general to the Pennsylvania division, and printer to congress. He was judge of the admiralty court of Pennsylvania ; his writings abound with wit, humor and satire.

In Pennsylvania a different rule was long ago declared, and has ever since been maintained. Richard Penn, one of the proprietors, and governor of Pennsylvania before the revolution, died in England. Its capital is Harrisburg, and its largest city is Philadelphia. New Word List Word List. Save This Word! Capital : Harrisburg. Abbreviations : PA for use with zip code , Pa.

It should prove to be a quick challenge! Words nearby Pennsylvania penning gate , penninite , pennon , pennoncel , Pennsauken , Pennsylvania , Pennsylvania Dutch , Pennsylvanian , Penn, William , penny , penny-a-liner. How to use Pennsylvania in a sentence The number of women in South Carolina who died during childbirth was more than twice the rate in Pennsylvania. Overlapping crises expose the erosion of our national unity Philip Bump February 18, Washington Post.

Pennsylvania Definition & Meaning | .

Pennsylvania is the fifth-most populous state in the nation with over pennsylvania short form million residents as of Nearly half the population, over 6. One third of the pennsylvania short form residents live in Greater Pittsburgh 2. The state capital is Harrisburg. While it has only miles km of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River[8] Pennsylvania has more navigable rivers than any other state, including the DelawareOhioand Pine Creek.

Pennsylvania was founded in through royal land grant to William Pennson of the state’s namesake; the southeast portion was once part of the colony of New Sweden. Established as a haven for religious перейти на источник political tolerance, the Province of Pennsylvania was noteworthy for its relatively peaceful relations with native tribes, innovative government systemand religious pluralism.

Pennsylvania was one of the thirteen British colonies from which the nation ultimately pennsylvania short form formed. Pennsylvania played a vital and historic role in the quest pennsylvania short form independence. Its largest city, Philadelphia, was the gathering place of the nation’s founding fathers and pennsylvania short form to much of the thinking, activism, and writing that inspired the American Revolution.

Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress in Carpenters’ Hall inand, beginning the following year, the Second Continental Congress in Independence Hallwhich unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independencea document that historian Joseph Ellis has described as “the most potent and consequential words in American history” and which formally launched the American Revolutionary War. In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress, on June 21,ratified the Articles of Confederationwhich served as the foundation for the ultimate development and ratification of the U.

Constitution ; Pennsylvania became the second state after Delaware, which had previously been part of Pennsylvania as the three lower counties pennsylvania short form ratify the Constitution on Pennsylvania short form 12, During the American Civil WarPennsylvania short formUnion Army volunteers proved influential in strengthening the Unionsuccessfully pennsylvania short form the national capital of Washington, D.

The bloodiest battle of the Civil War with over 50, casualties, and one of the Union Army’s most important victories, was fought on Pennsylvania soil at Gettysburg over three days in July Lincoln ‘s word address dedicating Gettysburg National Cemetery on November 19, remains one of the best known speeches in American history [11] [12]. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, Pittsburgh-based U. SteelBethlehem-based Bethlehem Steeland other Pennsylvania manufacturing companies inspired the Industrial Revolution and contributed to the development of much of the nation’s early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapersand warships, tanks, and other military hardware that proved vital to U.

Since Pennsylvania’s founding, a number of influential Pennsylvanians have contributed significantly to the nation in many fields, including the military, politics, business, garden square innovationthought leadership, philanthropy, music, art, and sports.

Pennsylvania’s history of human habitation extends to thousands of pennsylvania short form before the foundation of the colonial Province of Pennsylvania in Archaeologists generally believe that the pennsylvania short form settlement of the Americas occurred at least 15, years ago during the last glacial periodthough it is unclear when humans first entered the area now known as Pennsylvania.

There also is open debate in the archaeological community regarding when ancestors of Native Americans expanded across the two continents down to the tip of South America ; possibilities range between 30, and 10, years ago.

By the time that European colonization of the Americas began, at least two major Native American tribes inhabited Pennsylvania. It included most of the state of New Jersey and most of the Lehigh Valley and Delaware Valley regions of eastern and southeastern Pennsylvania. The Lenape’s territory ended somewhere between the Delaware River in the east and Susquehanna river in central Pennsylvania. The Susquehannockwho spoke an Iroquoian languagewere based in more western regions of the state from New York in the north to West Virginia in the southwest that included the Susquehanna River all the way to the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers near present day Pittsburgh.

As they lost numbers and land, they abandoned much of their western territory and moved closer to the Susquehanna River and the Iroquois and Mohawk tribes located more to the north.

Northwest of the Allegheny River was the Iroquoian Petun[18] known mostly for their vast tobacco plantations, although this is believed to be complete fabrication.

South of the Allegheny River reportedly was a nation known as Calicua. Archaeological sites from this time in this region are scarce and the very few historical sources pennsylvania short form mention them—most of these sources only coming from those who met Caligula traders further east on the Allegheny River. The Dutch and the English each claimed both sides of the Delaware River as /23295.txt of their colonial lands in America.

New Sweden claimed and, for the most part, controlled the lower Delaware River region parts of present-day Delaware, New Jersey, pennsylvania short form Pennsylvania but settled few colonists there.

This grant was in conflict with the Pennsylvania short form claim for New Netherlandwhich included parts of today’s Pennsylvania. On June 24,the Duke of York sold the portion of his large grant that included present-day New Jersey to John Berkeley and George Carteret for a proprietary colony.

The land was not yet in British possession, but the sale boxed in the portion of New Netherland on the West side of the Delaware River. The Peace of Breda between England, France and the Netherlands confirmed the English conquest on July 21,[30] [31] although there were temporary reversions. The one that later transferred to Pennsylvania was Upland.

The British retained the Dutch Counties with their Dutch names. This was one of the largest land grants to an individual pennsylvania short form history. The younger Penn was embarrassed at this name, fearing that people would think he had named it after himself, but King Charles would not rename the grant.

What had been Upland on what became the Pennsylvania side of the Pennsylvania- Delaware Pennsylvania short form was renamed as Chester County when Pennsylvania pre college application deadline their colonial governments on March 4, The treaty of William Penn was never violated. Between and when it was shut down by Parliament with the Currency Act ofthe Pennsylvania Colony made its own paper money pennsylvania short form account for the shortage of actual gold and silver.

The paper money was called Colonial Scrip. The Colony issued “bills of credit”, which were as good as gold or silver coins because of their legal tender status. Since they were issued by the government and not a banking institution, it was an interest-free proposition, largely defraying the expense of the government and therefore taxation of the people. It also promoted general employment and prosperity, since the Government used discretion and did not issue too much to inflate the currency.

Benjamin Franklin had a hand in creating приведенная ссылка currency, whose utility, he pennsylvania short form, was never to be disputed. The currency also met with the “cautious approval” of Adam Smith. The University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia was founded by Benjamin Franklin inbecoming one of the nine colonial colleges and the first college established in the state and one of the first in the nation; today, it pennsylvania short form an Ivy League university ranked among the best universities in the world.

James Smith wrote that in”the Indians again commenced hostilities, and were busily engaged in killing pennsylvania short form scalping the frontier inhabitants in various parts of Pennsylvania.

The Congress was the first meeting of the Thirteen Coloniescalled at the request of the Massachusetts Assembly, but only nine colonies sent delegates. When the Founding Fathers convened in Philadelphia in12 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress.

There they and its primary author, John Продолжение здесь, drew up the Articles of Confederation that formed 13 independent States [55] into a new union. Later, the Constitution was written, and Philadelphia was once again chosen to be cradle to the new American Union.

Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the U. Constitution on December 12,pennsylvania short form five days after Delaware became the first. At the time, Pennsylvania was the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the thirteen colonies. Because one third of Pennsylvania’s population spoke Germanthe Constitution was presented in German so those citizens could participate in the discussion about it. Reverend Frederick Muhlenberg acted as the chairman of the state’s ratifying convention.

For pennsylvania short form a century, the Pennsylvania General Assembly met at various places in pennsylvania short form general Philadelphia area before it began meeting regularly in Independence Hall in Philadelphia for 63 years. In the General Assembly moved to the Lancaster Courthouse.

The General Assembly met in the old Dauphin County Court House until December [60] when the Federal-style “Hills Capitol”, named pennsylvania short form Lancaster architect Stephen Hills pennsylvania short form, was constructed on a hilltop land grant of four acres set aside for a seat of state government in Harrisburg by the son and namesake of John Harris, Sr. The General Assembly met at a nearby Methodist Church until a new capitol could be built. Following an architectural pennsylvania short form contest that some alleged had been “rigged”, Chicago architect Pennsylvania short form Ives Cobb was charged with designing and building a replacement building; however, the legislature had little money to allocate to the project, and they dubbed the roughly finished, somewhat industrial Cobb Capitol building complete.

The General Assembly refused to occupy the building. Political and popular indignation in prompted a second contest that was restricted to Pennsylvania architects; Joseph Miller Huston of Philadelphia was chosen to design pennsylvania short form present Pennsylvania State Capitol that incorporated Cobb’s building into magnificent public work, finished and dedicated in James Buchanana native of Franklin Countyserved as the 15th U.

The politics of Pennsylvania were for decades dominated by the financially conservative, Republican -aligned Cameron machineestablished by U. Control of the machine was subsequently passed on to Cameron’s son J. Donald Cameronwhose ineffectiveness resulted in a transfer of power to the more shrewd Matthew Quayand finally to Boies Penrose. Pennsylvania was home to some of the largest steel companies in the world. Schwab founded Bethlehem Steel in Bethlehem.

Other titans of industry, such as John D. Rockefeller and Jay Gouldalso operated in the state. In the latter half of the 19th century, the U. As the Pennsylvania oil rush developed, Pennsylvania’s oil boom towns, such as Titusvillerose and fell.

Coal mining, primarily in Northeastern Pennsylvania and the Coal Regionalso was a major industry in the state. InMilton S. Hershey began construction on a chocolate factory pennsylvania short form Hershey, Pennsylvania ; The Hershey Company grew to become the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America.

Heinz Company was also founded during this period. These huge companies exercised a large influence on the politics of Pennsylvania; as Henry Demarest Lloyd put it, oil baron John D. Rockefeller “had done everything with the Pennsylvania legislature except refine it”. The growth of industry eventually provided по этому адресу class incomes to working-class households after the development of labor unions helped them gain living wages.

However, the rise of unions also led to a rise of union busting with several private police forces springing up. The eight-hour day was eventually adopted, and the “coal and iron police” were banned.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Pennsylvania’s economy centered on steel production, logging, coal mining, textile production, and other forms of industrial manufacturing. A surge in immigration to the U. Pennsylvania was an important industrial center in World War Iand the state provided oversoldiers for the military. The Allegheny is the state’s only national forest. During the war, over one million Pennsylvanians served in the armed forces, and more Medals of Honor were awarded to Pennsylvanians than pennsylvania short form individuals from any other state.

The Three Mile Island accident was the most significant nuclear accident in U. With job losses came heavy population pennsylvania short form, especially in the state’s largest cities. Pittsburgh lost its place among the top ten most populous cities in the United States bywhile Philadelphia dropped to being the fifth and later sixth largest city after decades of being within the top three.

Afteras information-based industries became more important in the economy, state and local governments put more resources into the old, well-established public library system. Some localities, however, used new state funding to cut local taxes.

For example, in Chester CountyMexican immigrants brought the Spanish languageincreased Catholicismhigh birth rates and cuisine when they were hired to as agricultural laborers; in some rural localities they made up half the population.

In the 20th century, as Pennsylvania’s historical national and even global leadership in mining largely ceased and its steelmaking and other heavy manufacturing sectors slowed, the state sought to grow its service and other industries to replace the jobs and economic productivity lost from the downturn of these industries.

Pittsburgh’s concentration of universities has enabled it to be a leader in technology and healthcare.

Pennsylvania short form –

With Pennsylvania constantly growing in popularity, it makes sense and it is important to know the PA state abbreviation.

Pennsylvania as a state offers plenty of affordable neighborhoods, a strong job market, a larger number of Fortune companies, and is rich in early American history.

If you are interested in keeping up to date with the Pennsylvania minimum wage , including updates and the latest increases, check out our page dedicated to this. People use state abbreviations all the time in everyday life and business, it is important to understand the unique two-letter abbreviation representing each state in the U. The table is conveniently laid out in alphabetical order. How to Register a Business in Pennsylvania. Speed Limits in Pennsylvania.

Minimum Wage in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Tipped Minimum Wage. How Many Small Businesses are there in Pennsylvania? What is the Pennsylvania Server Minimum Wage? Corporate Income Tax Rates by State for Pennsylvania is also home to the first nationally-chartered bank under the National Banking Act. That bank is still in existence today as PNC and remains based in Pittsburgh. PNC is currently the state’s largest bank and the sixth largest bank in the nation.

Pennsylvania ranks 19th overall in agricultural production. Pennsylvania ranks 8th in the nation in winemaking. The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture worked with private companies to establish “PA Preferred” as a way to brand agricultural products grown or made in the state to support and promote Pennsylvania products and locally-grown food.

Casino gambling was legalized in Pennsylvania in As of , there are 16 casinos across the state. The Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit began in and stimulated the development of a film industry in the state. Pennsylvania has had five constitutions during its statehood: [] , , , , and Before that the province of Pennsylvania was governed for a century by a Frame of Government , of which there were four versions: , , , and The legislature meets there in the State Capitol.

In a study, Pennsylvania was ranked as the 19th hardest state for citizens to vote in. The current Governor is Tom Wolf. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor run as a ticket in the general election and are up for re-election every four years during the midterm elections. The elections for Attorney General, Auditor General, and Treasurer are held every four years coinciding with a Presidential election. Pennsylvania has a bicameral legislature set up by Commonwealth’s constitution in The original Frame of Government of William Penn had a unicameral legislature.

Pennsylvania is divided into 60 judicial districts, [] most of which except Philadelphia have magisterial district judges formerly called district justices and justices of the peace , who preside mainly over preliminary hearings in felony and misdemeanor offenses, all minor summary criminal offenses, and small civil claims. It also has original jurisdiction to review warrants for wiretap surveillance.

All judges in Pennsylvania are elected; the chief justice is determined by seniority. Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties. The most populous county in Pennsylvania is Philadelphia, while the least populous is Cameron 4, There are a total of 56 cities in Pennsylvania, which are classified, by population, as either first-, second-, or third-class cities. Boroughs are generally smaller than cities, with most Pennsylvania cities having been incorporated as a borough before being incorporated as a city.

Townships are the third type of municipality in Pennsylvania and are classified as either first-class or second-class townships. There are 1, second-class townships and 93 first-class townships. There is one exception to the types of municipalities in Pennsylvania: Bloomsburg was incorporated as a town in and is, officially, the only town in the state. Pennsylvania had the 15th-highest state and local tax burden in the nation as of , according to the Tax Foundation. Many state politicians have tried to increase the share of taxes paid by out-of-state sources.

Suggested revenue sources include taxing natural gas drilling as Pennsylvania is the only state without such a tax on gas drilling. An individual’s taxable income is based on the following eight types of income: compensation salary ; interest; dividends; net profits from the operation of a business, profession or farm; net gains or income from the dispositions of property; net gains or income from rents, royalties, patents and copyrights; income derived through estates or trusts; and gambling and lottery winnings other than Pennsylvania Lottery winnings.

Counties, municipalities, and school districts levy taxes on real estate. In addition, some local bodies assess a wage tax on personal income. Thirty-two of the Commonwealth’s sixty-seven counties levy a personal property tax on stocks, bonds, and similar holdings. With the exception of the city of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, municipalities and school districts are allowed to enact a local earned income tax within the purview of Act Residents of these municipalities and school districts are required to file a local income tax return in addition to federal and state returns.

This local return is filed with the local income tax collector, a private collection agency appointed by a particular county to collect the local earned income and local services tax the latter a flat fee deducted from salaried employees working within a particular municipality or school district. The City of Philadelphia has its own local income taxation system.

Philadelphia-based employers are required to withhold the Philadelphia wage tax from the salaries of their employees. Residents of Philadelphia working for an employer are not required to file a local return as long as their Philadelphia wage tax is fully withheld by their employer. If their employer does not withhold the Philadelphia wage tax, residents are required to register with the Revenue Department and file an Earnings Tax return.

Residents with unearned income except for interest from checking and savings accounts are required to file and pay the School Income-tax SIT. The complexity of Pennsylvania’s local tax filing system has been criticized by experts, who note that the outsourcing of collections to private entities is akin to tax farming and that many new residents are caught off guard and end up facing “failure to file” penalties even if they did not owe any tax.

Attempts to transfer local income tax collections to the state level i. The Pennsylvania State Police is the chief law enforcement agency in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Since the latter half of the 20th century, Pennsylvania has been perceived as a powerful swing state , and winning Pennsylvania has since been deemed as essential to U.

Only twice between to and with Herbert Hoover and Hubert Humphrey , respectively has a winning presidential candidate failed to carry Pennsylvania. Between and , Pennsylvania trended Democratic in presidential elections; Bill Clinton won the state twice by large margins and Al Gore won it by a slightly closer margin in In the presidential election, John F.

Kerry beat President George W. The state holds 20 electoral votes. In recent national elections since , Pennsylvania had leaned Democrat. The state voted for the Democratic ticket for president in every election between and During the election campaign, a recruitment drive saw registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans by 1.

However, Pennsylvania has a history of electing Republican U. From to , the state was represented by two Democratic senators for the first time since after Republican Senator Arlen Specter switched party affiliation. In , Republicans recaptured a U. Senate seat and a majority of the state’s congressional seats, control of both chambers of the state legislature, and the governorship.

Democrats won back the governorship, however, four years later in the election. It was the first time since a governor became eligible for reelection that an incumbent governor had been defeated in a reelection bid. Republican strength was concentrated in the Philadelphia suburbs and the more rural areas in the state’s central, northeastern, and western portions, some of which have long been considered among the nation’s most conservative areas.

Since , however, the Philadelphia suburbs have swung Democratic; the brand of Republicanism there was traditionally a moderate one. In the 21st century, however, Pittsburgh suburbs, which historically had been Democrat strongholds, have swung more Republican. Democratic political consultant James Carville once pejoratively described Pennsylvania as “Philadelphia in the east, Pittsburgh in the west, and Alabama in the middle”, suggesting that political power in the state was based in its two largest cities, which have been reliably Democrat, offset by the state’s large rural power base, which has proven equally reliably Republican.

Political analysts and editorials refer to central Pennsylvania as the “T” in statewide elections. The state’s three valleys Delaware , Lehigh , and Wyoming Valleys and Greater Pittsburgh generally vote Democrat, while the majority of the counties in the central part of the state vote Republican.

As a result, maps showing the results of statewide elections invariably form a shape that resembles a “T”. Pennsylvania’s two U. Senators are Democrat Bob Casey Jr. Casey would seek reelection in should he seek another term. Toomey, meanwhile, chose not to run for reelection in , and Republican Mehmet Oz and Democrat John Fetterman are seeking to replace Toomey in the general election for the seat.

Pennsylvania has 18 seats in the U. House of Representatives as of Pennsylvania has public school districts, thousands of private schools, publicly funded colleges and universities, and over private institutions of higher education.

Under state law, school attendance in Pennsylvania is mandatory for a child from the age of 8 until the age of 17, or until graduation from an accredited high school whichever is earlier unless students are homeschooled.

The following are the four-year graduation rates for students completing high school in []. Additionally, In , Pennsylvania ranked 14th in mathematics, 12th in reading, and 10th in writing for 8th grade students. This law specifies the requirements and responsibilities of the parents and the school district where the family lives. West Chester University has by far the largest student body of the 14 universities.

The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is an organizing body of the four state-related schools in Pennsylvania; these schools Pennsylvania State University , Lincoln University , the University of Pittsburgh , and Temple University are independent institutions that receive some state funding.

There are also 15 publicly funded two-year community colleges and technical schools that are separate from the PASSHE system. Additionally, there are many private two- and four-year technical schools , colleges, and universities. Carnegie Mellon University , The Pennsylvania State University , the University of Pennsylvania , and the University of Pittsburgh are members of the Association of American Universities , an invitation-only organization of leading research universities.

Lehigh University is a private research university located in Bethlehem. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the first university in the United States and established the country’s first medical school.

The University of Pennsylvania is also the Commonwealth’s only, and geographically most southern, Ivy League school. The Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine LECOM is a private graduate school of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy with a main campus in Erie, and a branch campus located in Greensburg with two other campuses outside of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania is home to the nation’s first zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo. One unique museum is the Houdini Museum in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary magician. All state parks in Pennsylvania feature free admission. Pennsylvania also is home to the largest indoor waterpark resort on the East Coast, Splash Lagoon in Erie. The state’s notable music festivals include Musikfest , the nation’s largest free music festival held annually each August in Bethlehem , [] the Philadelphia Folk Festival , Creation Festival , and Purple Door.

The Great Allentown Fair , held annually at the Allentown Fairgrounds since the 19th century, is one of the nation’s longest-running annual fairs. There are nearly one million licensed hunters in Pennsylvania. Whitetail deer, black bear, cottontail rabbits, squirrel, turkey, and grouse are common game species. Pennsylvania is considered one of the finest wild turkey hunting states in the Union, alongside Texas and Alabama. Sport hunting in Pennsylvania provides a massive boost for the Commonwealth’s economy.

The Boone and Crockett Club reports that five of the ten largest skull size black bear entries came from the state. PennDOT owns 39, miles 64, km of the , miles , km of roadway in the state, making it the fifth-largest state highway system in the United States. Another major east—west route is Interstate 80 , which runs primarily in the northern tier of the state from Ohio to New Jersey at the Delaware Water Gap.

Interstate 90 travels the relatively short distance between Ohio and New York through Erie County , in the extreme northwestern part of the state. Primary north—south highways are Interstate 79 from its terminus in Erie through Pittsburgh to West Virginia, Interstate 81 from New York through Scranton, Lackawanna County and Harrisburg to Maryland and Interstate , which begins 7 miles 11 km north of the Delaware border, in Chester, Delaware County and travels miles km to Clarks Summit , where it joins I The highway south of the Pennsylvania Turnpike is officially called the “Veterans Memorial Highway”, but is commonly referred to colloquially as the “Blue Route”.

The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority SEPTA is the sixth-largest transit agency in the United States and operates the commuter , heavy and light rail transit, and transit bus service in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The Port Authority of Allegheny County is the 25th-largest transit agency and provides transit bus and light rail service in and around Pittsburgh.

Intercity passenger rail transit is provided by Amtrak , with the majority of traffic occurring on the Keystone Service in the high-speed Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg and Philadelphia’s 30th Street Station before heading north to New York City, as well as the Northeast Regional providing frequent high-speed service up and down the Northeast Corridor. A total of public-use airports are located in the state. The port of Pittsburgh is the second-largest inland port in the United States and the 18th-largest port overall; the Port of Philadelphia is the 24th-largest port in the United States.

Among them, these teams have accumulated seven World Series championships with the Pirates winning five and Phillies winning two , 16 National League pennants with the Pirates winning nine and Phillies winning seven , three pre- Super Bowl era NFL championships all won by the Eagles , seven Super Bowl championships with the Steelers winning six and the Eagles one , two NBA championships both won by the 76ers , and seven Stanley Cup championships with the Penguins winning five and Flyers winning two.

With five professional sports teams and some of the most passionate sports fans in the nation, Philadelphia is often described as the nation’s best sports city. Open Cup annually. Arnold Palmer , one of the 20th century’s most accomplished professional golfers, comes from Latrobe , and Jim Furyk , a current PGA member grew up near in Lancaster.

The state is also home to Maple Grove Raceway , near Reading , which hosts major National Hot Rod Association -sanctioned drag racing events each year. Over their respective college football histories, Penn State claims two national championships and and seven undefeated seasons , , , , , , and and Pitt has won nine national championships , , , , , , , , and and had eight undefeated seasons , , , , , , , and Pitt plays its home games at Acrisure Stadium , a 68,capacity stadium it shares with the Pittsburgh Steelers ; the team is coached by Pat Narduzzi.

National titles in college basketball have been won by La Salle , Temple , Penn and , Pitt and , and Villanova , , and Pennsylvania has several universities and colleges known as national leaders in college wrestling. Author Sharon Hernes Silverman calls Pennsylvania the snack food capital of the world.

Two of the three companies that define the U. The U. Auntie Anne’s Pretzels began as a market-stand in Downingtown, Pennsylvania, and now has corporate headquarters in Lancaster City.

Martin’s Famous Pastry Shoppe, Inc. Among the regional foods associated with Philadelphia are cheesesteaks , hoagies , soft pretzels , Italian water ice , Irish potato candy , scrapple , Tastykake , and strombolis. In Pittsburgh, tomato ketchup was improved by Henry John Heinz from to the early 20th century. Famous to a lesser extent than Heinz ketchup is the Pittsburgh’s Primanti Brothers Restaurant sandwiches, pierogies , and city chicken.

Outside of Scranton , in Old Forge there are dozens of Italian restaurants specializing in pizza made unique by thick, light crust and American cheese. Erie also has its share of unique foods, including Greek sauce and sponge candy. Sauerkraut along with pork and mashed potatoes is a common meal on New Year’s Day in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania has been known as the Keystone State since , [] based in part upon its central location among the original Thirteen Colonies forming the United States, and also in part because of the number of important American documents signed in the state such as the Declaration of Independence.

It was also a keystone state economically, having both the industry common to the North making such wares as Conestoga wagons and rifles [] [] and the agriculture common to the South producing feed, fiber, food, and tobacco. Another one of Pennsylvania’s nicknames is the Quaker State ; in colonial times, it was known officially as the Quaker Province , [] in recognition of Quaker [] William Penn ‘s First Frame of Government [] constitution for Pennsylvania that guaranteed liberty of conscience.

He knew of the hostility [] Quakers faced when they opposed religious ritual, taking oaths, violence, war and military service, and what they viewed as ostentatious frippery.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 7 October This article is about the U. For other uses, see Pennsylvania disambiguation. For other uses, see Penn disambiguation. State in the United States. Keystone State; [1] Quaker State.

Mount Davis [2] [3]. Delaware River at Delaware border [2]. Flag of Pennsylvania. Main article: History of Pennsylvania. See also: List of Pennsylvania firsts and List of people from Pennsylvania. See also: Pennsylvania in the American Revolution. See also: Pennsylvania in the American Civil War. Further information: United Airlines Flight Main article: Geography of Pennsylvania. Further information: List of counties in Pennsylvania.

Main article: Climate of Pennsylvania. See also: List of counties in Pennsylvania , List of cities in Pennsylvania , List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania , List of townships in Pennsylvania , List of county seats in Pennsylvania by population , List of census-designated places in Pennsylvania , and List of populated places in Pennsylvania.

See also: List of municipalities in Pennsylvania. Largest municipalities in Pennsylvania Source: [94]. Further information: List of people from Pennsylvania. Main article: Pennsylvania Dutch language. Religion in Pennsylvania [] religion percent Protestant. See also: List of Pennsylvania counties by per capita income.

Pennsylvania unemployment rate, — US unemployment rate. Main article: Agriculture in Pennsylvania. Main article: Gambling in Pennsylvania. See also: List of casinos in Pennsylvania. See also: Harrisburg in film and television , List of films and television shows shot in Pennsylvania , List of films shot in the Lehigh Valley , and List of films shot in Pittsburgh. John Fetterman D 34th Lt.

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